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This guide shows how to manage schema changes with Liquibase in a Spring Boot project using the Apache Derby database.

1. Add Dependencies

In pom.xml: 
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.derby</groupId>
  <artifactId>derby</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.liquibase</groupId>
  <artifactId>liquibase-core</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. Configure Derby and Liquibase

In application.properties: 
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:derby:memory:liquibaseDB;create=true
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none

spring.liquibase.change-log=classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml

3. Create Liquibase Changelog

File: src/main/resources/db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml 
<databaseChangeLog
    xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog
        http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.8.xsd">

    <changeSet id="1" author="dev">
        <createTable tableName="users">
            <column name="id" type="BIGINT" autoIncrement="true">
                <constraints primaryKey="true"/>
            </column>
            <column name="name" type="VARCHAR(255)"/>
            <column name="email" type="VARCHAR(255)"/>
        </createTable>
    </changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>

4. Create Entity

import jakarta.persistence.*;

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String email;

    // getters and setters
}

5. Repository

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
}

6. Controller

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class UserController {
    private final UserRepository repo;

    public UserController(UserRepository repo) {
        this.repo = repo;
    }

    @PostMapping
    public User add(@RequestBody User user) {
        return repo.save(user);
    }

    @GetMapping
    public List<User> all() {
        return repo.findAll();
    }
}

7. Run Migration

Start the app: 
mvn spring-boot:run
Liquibase will run the changelog and create the users table in Derby automatically.

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